Analysis of Lashing Strength Using FEM and Seakeeping (RAO) for Accident Risk Assessment on Non-Conventional Vessels under Extreme Wave Conditions
Analisis Kekuatan Lashing dengan FEM dan Seakeeping (RAO) untuk Penilaian Risiko Kecelakaan pada Kapal Non Konvensional di Kondisi Gelombang Ekstrim
Keywords:
Accident Risk Analysis, Finite Element Method (FEM), Lashing, Seakeeping, Extreme WavesAbstract
Cargo securing (lashing) on non-conventional vessels plays a crucial role in maintaining cargo safety and vessel stability during voyage operations. This study integrates lashing strength analysis using the Finite Element Method (FEM) with a seakeeping study based on the Response Amplitude Operator (RAO) to assess accident risks under extreme wave conditions. The FEM model was developed for vessel conditions at even keel and at inclination angles of 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, and 25°, while the seakeeping analysis evaluated roll motion responses at a heading angle of 90° (beam sea), resulting in a maximum wave height of 6.33 meters. Using the AS/NZS 4360 standard, the accident risk assessment identified the lashing tolerance limit up to a 25° inclination angle with the use of M90-type Webbing Sling restraints. Probability analysis of high-wave occurrences based on data from 2016–2020 indicates that waves with a height of 5 meters were the most dominant events, accounting for 1,094 out of a total of 1,863 occurrences. These findings provide practical guidance for designing safer lashing systems and developing effective mitigation strategies for non-conventional vessels operating under extreme wave conditions
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